Anatoly Bakhtin

(1949 – 2023)
Anatoly Pavlovich Bakhtin, who served as chief archivist of the State Archive of the Kaliningrad Region (http://www.gako.name/), considered the Teutonic Order and everything connected with it, including the Order's castles, churches and towns, to be his main passion. Geographically, his interests naturally centred on the Kaliningrad Region, where he spent his entire life. In 1999 he published "Vergessene Kultur" (Forgotten Culture), a book about the churches of the region. In 2005 came "Castles and Fortifications of the Teutonic Order in the Northern Part of East Prussia", covering more than 50 castles, beginning with Balga (1239). In 2012 he published "The Prussian Trail of the Ark of the Covenant" ("The Ark of the Covenant: From Sinai to Prussia"), which brings together a wealth of information on the Teutonic (German) Order. In 2020 Anatoly Pavlovich explored the subject to which he had devoted his life in full, publishing his monumental volume "The Teutonic Order" with the Kaliningrad publishing house Zhivyom.

The Internal Structure of the Teutonic Order

How the Teutonic Order was organized

Anatoly Bakhtin

The Conquest of Sambia: 1253–1255

How the city of Königsberg came into being

Anatoly Bakhtin

Lutheran Church of Pillau

Destroyed during the assault of 1945; its ruins were cleared away in the post-war years

Anatoly Bakhtin

Lutheran Church in the Pillau Citadel

Damaged during the fighting within the Pillau fortress in 1945. The ruins were cleared away

Anatoly Bakhtin

Reformed Church of Pillau

The gable was slightly damaged during the fighting in 1945. After the war the church was used as a warehouse

Anatoly Bakhtin

Catholic Church of Pillau

Badly damaged during the Second World War, which later led to its demolition

Anatoly Bakhtin

Reformed Church of Tilsit

Badly damaged during the Second World War; all that remains of it is the tower, without its spire

Anatoly Bakhtin

Catholic Church of Tilsit

Partly destroyed after WWII. In the 1960s–70s it was dismantled for bricks. Its railings went to make a school fence

Anatoly Bakhtin

Kreuzkirche of Tilsit (New Church)

It survived the Second World War intact; in the 1970s it housed one of the workshops of the Raduga factory

Anatoly Bakhtin

Lithuanian Church of Tilsit

It came through the Second World War undamaged, but in the winter of 1950–51 it was set on fire by teenagers

Anatoly Bakhtin

German Church of Tilsit (Lutheran)

It was intact after 1945. In the post-war years it was stripped for firewood and bricks, and what remained was demolished in the 1960s

Anatoly Bakhtin

Popelken Church

Popelken church came through the Second World War unscathed and in the post-war years was used as a warehouse and grain dryer

Anatoly Bakhtin

Schakuhnen Church

After the Second World War Schakuhnen church was intact; the collective farmers used it to store hay

Anatoly Bakhtin

Schillgallen Church

It came through the Second World War unscathed, but was later blown up and dismantled by the military for building material

Anatoly Bakhtin

Skören Church

It came through the Second World War unscathed and was used as a grain store until 1978–79

Anatoly Bakhtin

Lauknen Church

The war passed it by, but afterwards it was no longer needed and was dismantled for bricks. Only the tower survived

Anatoly Bakhtin

Catholic Chapel in Ragnit

Built in the late 1930s. After the war it was a military depot. Today the building houses an Orthodox church

Anatoly Bakhtin

Gowarten Church

Built in the first quarter of the 20th century. After the war it was put to other uses

Anatoly Bakhtin

Groß Lenkeningken Church

Of the handsome church built at the beginning of the 20th century, not one stone was left standing on another

Anatoly Bakhtin

Inse Church

One of the few wooden churches in East Prussia

Anatoly Bakhtin

Alt Lappienen Church

Architecturally striking and famous for its burial monuments. A ruin, yet still standing and waiting

Anatoly Bakhtin

Rautenberg Church

It was built in the last quarter of the 19th century. At the end of the 20th it was used as a storehouse

Anatoly Bakhtin

Schillehnen Church

The Second World War passed Schillehnen by. Until the 1970s the church served as a club, then as a storehouse. It was demolished in 1975

Anatoly Bakhtin

Jurgaitschen Church

An imposing building of the 1840s. In the first half of the 20th century the village was even renamed after it

Anatoly Bakhtin

Wedereitischken Church

Having survived the Second World War and served as a storehouse after it, the church is once again used for its original purpose

Anatoly Bakhtin

Willuhnen Church

Neither the church nor the village of Willuhnen has been on the map for a long time

Anatoly Bakhtin

Kraupischken Church

A church has been known on this site since the 16th century. Rebuilt several times. In ruins since the Second World War

Anatoly Bakhtin

Kussen Church

The church, which celebrated its 300th anniversary in 1886, was used as a storehouse after the Second World War

Anatoly Bakhtin

Lengwethen Church

It was built for settlers from Salzburg; after the Second World War it was used as a House of Culture

Anatoly Bakhtin

Schirgupönen Church

In the 20th century it sank into oblivion together with the village

Anatoly Bakhtin

Groß Schorellen Church

Little remains of the large and beautiful church built at the beginning of the 20th century

Anatoly Bakhtin

Groß Warningken Church

In the 20th century the village and its church vanished from the maps

Anatoly Bakhtin

Soginten Church

All the buildings of the village, the church included, were taken apart for bricks in the 1970s

Anatoly Bakhtin

Eydtkuhnen Church

Until 1889 the place of worship in Eydtkuhnen was the town's famous railway station. And that is no joke

Anatoly Bakhtin

Göritten Church

This church had the misfortune of finding itself in the line of fire during both world wars that swept across Prussia

Anatoly Bakhtin

Bilderweitschen Churches

The village had a Protestant church and a Catholic church. The first was demolished after the war; the second still stands

Anatoly Bakhtin

Kattenau Church

The history remains, but the church is long gone. Its ruins were demolished in the early 1990s

Anatoly Bakhtin

Enzuhnen Church

Enzuhnen – Rodebach – Chkalovo: the 20th century and the village's radical renamings wore the local church down

Anatoly Bakhtin

Kassuben Church

Of one of the most beautiful churches of East Prussia only a fragment of wall and the pastor's house remain

Anatoly Bakhtin

Mehlkehmen Church

The parish was founded in 1692 by the future first Prussian king, at that time still Elector Friedrich III

Anatoly Bakhtin

Pillupönen Church

The church was destroyed in the First World War but then rebuilt. The Second World War passed it by.

Anatoly Bakhtin

Schillen Church

The first church built on the orders of Friedrich I, who ascended the Prussian throne in 1701.

Anatoly Bakhtin

Groß Rominten Church

In the 2010s the local community nurtured the idea of setting up a First World War museum in it

Anatoly Bakhtin

Joneykischken Church

Having come through the Second World War unscathed, it was used as a storehouse in the post-war years until it burned down in 1995

Anatoly Bakhtin

Budwethen Church

After the Second World War it housed a House of Culture and a cinema until it burned down in 1995

Anatoly Bakhtin

Schirwindt Church

A majestic brick building in the Gothic Revival style

Anatoly Bakhtin

Tollmingkehmen Church

One of the most unusual churches in the region, part of the Kristijonas Donelaitis Museum

Anatoly Bakhtin

Neu Argeningken Church

Surprised by the shape of the dome on the church tower in Novokolkhoznoye? In German times it looked almost the same

Anatoly Bakhtin

St. Hubertus Chapel

The elegant wooden chapel at the Kaiser's hunting lodge was dismantled after the Second World War

Anatoly Bakhtin

Trappönen Church

Built at the beginning of the 20th century, it stood unused after the Second World War. By 1960 it had been demolished

Anatoly Bakhtin

Pillkallen Church

During the Second World War Pillkallen church was destroyed too. The ruins were demolished after the war

Anatoly Bakhtin

Ragnit Church

In 1945 Ragnit church was undamaged, but in the 1950s it began to be converted into a furniture shop and a hostel

Anatoly Bakhtin

Lasdehnen Church

Built in the second half of the 19th century on the high northern bank of the Šešupė, it is used for its original purpose and adorns the town

Anatoly Bakhtin

The Protestant Church and the Catholic Chapel of Stallupönen

The first was demolished in the 1950s; the second stands perfectly intact

Anatoly Bakhtin

Groß Kryszahnen Church

It has survived to this day. It stands as if in a vacuum: the whole village around it was taken apart for bricks

Anatoly Bakhtin

Groß Friedrichsdorf Church

Undamaged in the Second World War, it stood unused and gradually fell into ruin in the post-war years

Anatoly Bakhtin

Gross Skaisgirren Churches

The large one is Protestant, the miniature Gothic one is Lutheran

Anatoly Bakhtin

Karkeln Church

It was dismantled during a flood in 1958, and its stones were used to reinforce a washed-out dam

Anatoly Bakhtin

Kaukehmen Church

A landmark in the north-eastern part of the Kaliningrad Region. Restoration is under way, but slowly

Anatoly Bakhtin

Heinrichswalde Church

After the war the church, like all of Heinrichswalde, was in excellent condition. A warehouse was set up in the building

Anatoly Bakhtin

Pokraken Church

A building untypical of Prussia. A successful example of a blend of the Neo-Romanesque and Neo-Gothic styles

Anatoly Bakhtin

Gawaiten Church

After the Second World War it was intact and was used as a warehouse until 1976–77, then it was demolished

Anatoly Bakhtin

Sodehnen Church

Until the early 2000s it served as a collective-farm canteen. After a fire in 2010 it was completely demolished

Anatoly Bakhtin

Wilhelmsberg Church

The church had a half-timbered tower with two bells and an eagle as its weathervane

Anatoly Bakhtin

Kleschowen Church

The bell tower stood separately. In the mid-18th century the organ was bought from the Tragheim Church in Königsberg

Anatoly Bakhtin

Trempen Church

Perhaps the church's fate was an unhappy one because a pagan "Field of the Dead" was chosen as its building site

Anatoly Bakhtin

Karpauen Church

The local parish took shape in the late 1840s, but it acquired its own church only in 1860

Anatoly Bakhtin

Ballethen Church

Even a not particularly expressive building of the early 17th century would deserve attention, but it has not survived

Anatoly Bakhtin

Niebudschen Church

It was built at the end of the 17th century. The bell in its tower first rang only a hundred years later, in 1797

Anatoly Bakhtin

Gerwischkehmen Church

A modest plastered brick building without a tower, erected in the early 19th century on a fieldstone foundation

Anatoly Bakhtin

Mallwischken Church

An octagonal plastered brick building with a wooden tower and a gallery on the roof. Demolished in the 1950s

Anatoly Bakhtin

Nemmersdorf Church

It was built around 1569 on the orders of Duke Albrecht, who died a year before it opened

Anatoly Bakhtin

Walterkehmen Church

If a beautiful church stood in Olkhovatka, travellers heading for Lake Vištytis would not just drive straight through

Anatoly Bakhtin

The Reformed Church of Gumbinnen

The congregation was founded by settlers from France, Switzerland, Nassau and the Palatinate. Before the church was built, they worshipped in a brewery

Anatoly Bakhtin

Ischdaggen Church

The sad story of an abandoned and crumbling village church

Anatoly Bakhtin

The Catholic Church of Gumbinnen

It was built in 1930, was not damaged during the Second World War and afterwards served as a club on the grounds of a military unit

Anatoly Bakhtin

The Kreuzkirche of Gumbinnen

A polygonal building with a portal facing Schillerstrasse. Its pyramidal roof bore a turret

Anatoly Bakhtin

The Altstadt Church of Gumbinnen

It was built in 1720 on the orders of Frederick William I. In 1810–11 it was skilfully raised and enlarged

Anatoly Bakhtin

The Salzburger Church of Gumbinnen

The Salzburgers settled here in 1732. In 1839 the foundation stone was laid. On 15 October 1840 the church was consecrated

Anatoly Bakhtin

Sprindt Church

The church of the community of the settlement that grew up around the Sprindt estate, north of Insterburg

Anatoly Bakhtin

Plibischken Church

The church had a massive tower with a beautiful spire, which collapsed in 1950 and broke through the roof of the nave

Anatoly Bakhtin

Georgenburg Church

A neighbour of the castle of the same name, north of Insterburg (Chernyakhovsk). It has not survived

Anatoly Bakhtin

Jodlauken Church

After the Second World War this 18th-century church was, in keeping with local "tradition", used as a warehouse

Anatoly Bakhtin

Aulowönen Church

When there are many churches and nobody needs them, who will notice one more or one less? This one was wrecked in the 1960s

Anatoly Bakhtin

Neunischken Church

In the post-war years the building was divided inside into two floors and converted into a village house of culture

Anatoly Bakhtin

Judtschen Church

It would have fitted perfectly into the ensemble of the Immanuel Kant Museum (the Pastor's House) in present-day Veselovka

Anatoly Bakhtin

Didlacken Church

Built by the Frenchman Pierre de la Cave, who in the 17th century rose to be commandant and governor of Pillau

Anatoly Bakhtin

Pelleningken Church

Consecrated in December 1892. Since July 1996 it has served as the Orthodox Church of St John of Kronstadt

Anatoly Bakhtin

Groß Berschkallen Church

In the first quarter of the 21st century it was a sorry sight. All hope rests with the "Guardians of the Ruins"

Anatoly Bakhtin

The Reformed Church of Insterburg

After the war it was used as a club with a dance floor and as a gymnasium. In 1989 it was handed over to the Russian Orthodox Church

Anatoly Bakhtin

The Catholic Church of Insterburg

The active Church of St Bruno was built to a design by Friedrich Heitmann at the very beginning of the 20th century

Anatoly Bakhtin

The Lutherkirche of Insterburg

One of the town's architectural symbols, which graced it for more than 400 years. It was demolished in 1975.

Anatoly Bakhtin

The Melanchthonkirche

It was named in memory of Luther's companion-in-arms, who led the Protestant movement after Luther's death

Anatoly Bakhtin

Saalau Church

Having lost its bell tower after the Second World War, it continues tirelessly to serve the people

Anatoly Bakhtin

Puschdorf Church

It was built of fieldstone. The half-timbered bell tower stood separately

Anatoly Bakhtin

Grünheide Church

High-class eclecticism: a Romanesque-style building crowned by a tower with a Gothic spire

Anatoly Bakhtin

Norkitten Church

An exact copy of St George's Church in the town of Dessau

Anatoly Bakhtin

Obelischken Church

Not particularly expressive, but large. Today it is a majestic ruin in the spirit of German Romanticism

Anatoly Bakhtin

Schönwalde Church

The sad story of an old settlement whose fate its church shared

Anatoly Bakhtin

Friedenberg Church

Having survived the war and held out until the mid-1990s, the church began to fall into ruin. In 2010 it was handed over to the Russian Orthodox Church

Anatoly Bakhtin

Groß Schönau Church

One of the hardest-to-reach monuments of medieval architecture in the region

Anatoly Bakhtin

Böttchersdorf Church

A brick-and-fieldstone building from the time of the Teutonic Order. The walls and the tower have partly survived

Anatoly Bakhtin

Mulden Church

Built in 1806–1808 of fieldstone and brick. It survived the war and was then used as a warehouse

Anatoly Bakhtin

Schönbruch Church

After the war the village was split in two by the border. The church ended up on the Soviet side. In 1974 it was demolished

Anatoly Bakhtin

Stockheim Church

The upper part of its tower was handsomely articulated by slender blind windows. Lost in the 1970s

Anatoly Bakhtin
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